Bibliografia publikacji pracowników
Państwowej Szkoły Wyższej w Białej Podlaskiej
Baza tworzona przez Bibliotekę Akademii Bialskiej im. Jana Pawła II.
Zapytanie:
EUROPE Liczba odnalezionych rekordów: 2
Przejście do opcji zmiany formatu | Wyświetl/ukryj etykiety | Wyświetlenie wyników w wersji do druku | Pobranie pliku do edytora | Nowe wyszukiwanie Streszczenie: This paper offers a detailed analysis of selected regulatory parameters used as instruments to promote efficiency with fairness for all stakeholders (in the legal sense of equity) in 5G spectrum auctions. Data were collected from sixteen auctions for the C-band that took place in the Member States of the European Union (EU) and in the United Kingdom (UK) between 2017 and 2020 for the introduction of the fifth generation (5G) of mobile communication technology. The selected instruments of intervention are: spectrum packaging, spectrum caps, set-asides, geographical scope of the license, license duration, various forms of license obligations, reserve prices and auction format. Significant differences were observed in national approaches to spectrum packaging, license obligations and reserve prices for efficiency purposes. Our analysis also shows that European national regulators are paying increasing attention to concerns over fairness of decisions on spectrum, or equity, especially by creating opportunities for local private networks to access the spectrum and by imposing requirements on network operators to guarantee more uniform population coverage of newly created 5G networks.
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Nr opisu: 0000044543 Autorzy: Andrei Shpakou, Ludmila Klimatckaia, Natalia Skoblina, Joanna Baj-Korpak, Aelita Skarbaliene, Olga Fedorciv, Yelena Loginovich, Asta Raskiliene, Siarhei Piatrou, Ewa Kleszczewska, Aleh Kuzniatsou. Tytuł pracy: The prevalence of manifestations of gerontological ageism among university students in five European countries Tytuł czasopisma: Szczegóły: 2022, Vol. 24, no. 4, p. 348--355 p-ISSN: 1734-3402 e-ISSN: 2449-8580 Charakterystyka formalna: artykuł w czasopiśmie polskim Charakterystyka merytoryczna: artykuł oryginalny naukowy Charakterystyka wg MNiSW: artykuł w czasopiśmie z IF (wykaz MEiN) Język publikacji: ENG Wskaźnik Impact Factor ISI: 0.700 Punktacja ministerstwa: 20.000 Słowa kluczowe ang.: Europe ; gerontological ageism ; prevalence ; students https://www.termedia.pl/The-prevalence-of-manifestations-of-gerontological-ageism-among-university-students-in-five-European-countries,95,46301,0,1.html DOI: 10.5114/fmpcr.2022.113016 Streszczenie: Background. The problem of the ageing population has resulted in attitudes towards aging in different age groups becoming a subject of increased academic interest. Objectives. To provide comparative characteristics of the prevalence of manifestations of gerontological ageism among university students in five European countries. Material and methods. The sample consisted of university students (n = 2493) aged 18-25 from Belarus (n = 827), Russia (n = 528), Poland (n = 798), Lithuania (n = 223) and Ukraine (n = 117). The prevalence of gerontological ageism among respondents was evaluated according to the Fraboni Ageism Scale. Results. The prevalence and manifestations of gerontological ageism vary depending on the country. The maximum total indicator, displaying the highest overall level of ageism, was noted among Belarusian students, the minimum - in Lithuania (p < 0.05). The final indicators of gerontological ageism were found to be the following: the level of age discrimination and negative emotional attitude towards the elderly was increased in one fifth of the respondents in all five groups. The observation found the level of ageism averaging at 60%, evenly distributed in all groups. The predominant attitudes towards older people were found to be neutral or positive (84.6%). Conclusions. The manifestations of ageism are international in nature and can explain 20% of the total variety of answers characterising the differences in ranked attributes and degree of ageism. The total indicator showed the highest degree of gerontological ageism among students in Belarus, the lowest - among those in Lithuania, with levels of gerontological ageism among students in Russia, Poland and Ukraine distributed in between.